Its venom, which has different potency depending on where the snake is … 2. Get weekly and/or daily updates delivered to your inbox. [17][18], In case of intravenous injection the LD50 tested in mice is 0.373 mg/kg, and 0.225 mg/kg in case of intraperitoneal injection. Females lay 16 to 33 eggs per clutch. Snakebite remains a neglected tropical disease which requires immediate medical attention. A young visitor of the Reptile Discovery Center leans on the protective glass as Barden holds a venomous monocled cobra just before extracting its venom. The snakes when threatened get ready to strike to defend themselves. The proteomics finding revealed that the neurotoxin profiles of these Naja kaouthia were substantially different, reflecting the distinct difference in their lethal potency and response to antivenom neutralization. threatening outcomes: cobras are capable of injecting large amount of venom and the venom generallycontains potentneurotoxins thatcan paralysethe envenomed subjects in minutes (Tan & Tan, 2015). Many larger specimens have been recorded, but they are rare. This is the stunning moment (1.03 minutes) a deadly monocled cobra spits venom at its rescuer after capture. The venom of monocled cobra from Thailand apparently has a much higher content of long neurotoxin component compared with that of the Malaysian specimens. They are also found on the Malay Peninsula and are native to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, Nepal, and Thailand. [22], In a preliminary study, extract of Mimosa pudica plant has been shown to possibly have neutralizing effects on the toxins present in this venom.[23]. Read More News on. A monocled cobra that roamed a California neighborhood for days could have given a potentially deadly bite, a snake expert said Friday. The cobra, which is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, has one of the fastest acting snake venoms in the world, according to Reptiles magazine. fasciata. Your opinions are important to us. [20], The monocled cobra causes the highest fatality due to snake venom poisoning in Thailand. Neither your address nor the recipient's address will be used for any other purpose. The monocled cobras are terrestrial snakes that feed on small mammals, snakes, amphibians, and other reptiles. [6], This species has been assessed as Least Concern by IUCN owing to its large distribution, tolerance of a broad range of habitats including anthropogenically altered environments, and its reported abundance. "This means, the venom gland of this unique Asian cobra holds a battery of special molecules for drug discovery – enzymes, channel blockers, receptor activators, cell apoptosis inducers and many more, thus paving our path to the development of novel analgesic, anti-cancer, nerve growth modulator, antibiotic, antiviral and so on. In 1839, Thomas Cantor descri… Previous studies showed that venoms of the monocled cobra, Naja kaouthia from Thailand and Malaysia are substantially different in their median lethal doses. … The monocled cobra is native to the Asian countries of India, China, Vietnam, and Cambodia, as well as Malaysia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, Nepal, and Thailand. It has a black spot on the lower surface of the hood on either side, and one or two black cross-bars on the belly behind it. The authors projected, adding: "What we now look forward to is sustainable funding and positive collaboration with local and foreign experts to take this research to a higher ground.". Monocled cobras, which can reach lengths of about 5 feet, are highly venomous animals, so Santra knew to avoid a quick strike. The monocled cobra is widespread across Southeast and South Asia. Coloration in the young is more constant. More than 20 toxin gene families were unveiled in both geographical specimens, among which at least 15 belong to classes of novel biomolecules not previously reported in this species. The monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia), also called monocellate cobra, is a venomous cobra species widespread across South and Southeast Asia and listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. When Eric Bortz's monocled cobra bit him in January, he thought the pain would be the worst part.The dealer who sold the snake said its venom … Some collaboration between males and females has been reported in Naja naja x Naja kaouthia - hybrids. [9], Some populations of the monocled cobra have the ability to spit venom. The shape of the frontal scale is short and square. These cobras can adapt to a wide area of habitats. [7][8], They have 25 to 31 scales on the neck, 19 to 21 on the body, and 17 or 15 on the front of the vent. This reflects the role of gene duplication and neofunctionalization as one of the evolutionary mechanism in equipping the venom gland to be a "bioweapon warehouse", adapted for foraging, digestion and defence for the advanced venomous snakes. Currently, the only identified prey-specific toxins are several nonconventional 3FTxs, and given the large diversity of 3FTxs within Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthia) venom, it was hypothesized that several 3FTxs, previously found to be non-toxic or weakly toxic 3FTxs in murine models, could potentially be toxic towards non-murine prey. No major threats have been reported, and the species is not thought to be undergoing a significant population decline. And its venom components have been used in medical research for drugs that can benefit humans. Ever since police found Grant James Thompson unresponsive in a North Austin parking lot from an apparent snake bite on Tuesday, what remained missing was the prime suspect: a monocled cobra. In India, the spectacled cobra is much respected and feared, even having its own place in Hindu mythology as a powerful deity. The Naja kaouthia venom sources from three different localities were reported to exhibit different intravenous and subcutaneous median lethal dose: Thailand, 0.18-0.22 µg/g; Malaysia, 0.90-1.11 µg/g; and Vietnam, 0.90-1.00 µg/g, of mouse body weight. In their quest to unravel the complex and variable nature of the venom, the latest Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique was used. It can be olivaceous or brownish to black above with or without a yellow or orange-colored, O-shaped mark on the hood. [12] Egg-laying takes place January through March. Its venom, which has different potency depending on where the snake is found, can cause death within an hour of envenomation. Comparative molecular analyses and selection study revealed that the venom toxins are genetically well conserved between the geographical specimens, whilst demonstrating distinct patterns of differential expression. Adults can reach a maximum of 2.3 m (7.5 ft) in length. Do the side effects of a COVID-19 vaccination correlate with individual efficacy? The intraspecific venom variations of N. kaouthia, however, have not been fully elucidated. Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. Aileen Perilla/The Penny Hoarder. Monocled cobra venom is one of the fastest acting snake venoms in the world. "Characterization of venomous snakes of Thailand", "Naja kaouthia: General Details and Information", "Dentitional phenomena in cobra revisited: spitting and fang structure in the Asiatic species of Naja (Serpentes: Elapidae)", 10.1580/1080-6032(2001)012[0017:vshit]2.0.co;2, "Snakebite Protocols: Summary for Human Bite by Monocellate Cobra (, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monocled_cobra&oldid=1013017635, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, In 1839, Thomas Cantor described a brownish monocled cobra with numerous faint yellow transverse stripes and a hood marked with a white ring under the, This page was last edited on 19 March 2021, at 15:42. Show Filters . A neurotoxin is the sort of venom that attacks a person’s nervous system. The monocled cobra is among the venomous species that the new treatment can counter. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Phys.org in any form. [16] The venom of this species also contains myotoxins and cardiotoxins. Its venom has been shown to vary geographically in relation to venom composition and neurotoxic activity, indicating vast diversity of the toxin genes within the species. This document is subject to copyright. [1], Monocled cobras are terrestrial and most active at dusk. The venom of the monocled cobra is primarily a neurotoxin, although it also has tissue-attacking properties. Monocled cobras are distributed from India in the west through to China, Vietnam and Cambodia. Responsible for major snakebite fatality in India, the presence of fang marks does not imply... To Science X editors: 1 than one cuneate scale on each side with navigation, analyse your use our! Expand the anterior of the Elapidae family back, but they are also found on the hood treasure. 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