This book is rightly a seminal American history. It has not entirely passed; for both Elizabethan folk and Elizabethan customs are yet to be found in the United States. In the period from the end of the first half of the present century to the close of the civil war slavery rose to primary, but far from exclusive, importance. In the middle of the present century the German element in Wisconsin was already so considerable that leading publicists looked to the creation of a German state out of the commonwealth by concentrating their colonization. 20. Said Calhoun in 1817, “We are great, and rapidly—I was about to say fearfully—growing!”[1] So saying, he touched the distinguishing feature of American life. The frontier reached by the Pacific Railroad, surveyed into rectangles, guarded by the United States Army, and recruited by the daily immigrant ship, moves forward at a swifter pace and in a different way than the frontier reached by the birch canoe or the pack horse. Each of these areas has had an influence in our economic and political history; the evolution of each into a higher stage has worked political transformations. [5] The King attempted to arrest the advance by his proclamation of 1763,[6] forbidding settlements beyond the sources of the rivers flowing into the Atlantic; but in vain. “Spottswood Papers,” in Collections of Virginia Historical Society, I, II. This frontier stretched along the western border like a cord of union. According to its website, it was founded in 1670 and ran many trading posts across Canada.As noted by the Natural History … The term was most prominently used by Kennedy in the speech with which he accepted the nomination as presidential candidate of the Democratic Party in 1960. American frontier - American frontier - How the West was won: The discovery of gold in California (1848) started a new sequence of treaties designed to extinguish Indian title to lands lying in the path of the overland routes to the Pacific. The American frontier is sharply distinguished from the European frontier—a fortified boundary line running through dense populations. It was presented to a special meeting of the American Historical Association at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinoisin 1893, and published later that year first in Proceedings of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, then in the Annual Report of the American Historical Association. It means the old hope of a real personal liberty, and yet a real human advance in character and achievement. What is, or was the frontier? (Richmond, 1792); Weld, Travels Through the States of North America (London, 1799); Baily, Journal of a Tour in the Unsettled States of North America, 1796–‘97 (London, 1856); Pennsylvania Magazine of History, July, 1886; Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of America, VII, pp. Plea for the West (Cincinnati, 1835), pp. It was the greatest of frontiersmen who declared: “I believe this Government can not endure permanently half slave and half free. This paper will make no attempt to treat the subject exhaustively; its aim is simply to call attention to the frontier as a fertile field for investigation, and to suggest some of the problems which arise in connection with it. On The Frontier What we now know as York Hill first settled over 200 years ago by bold, ingenuitive pioneer History. As successive terminal moraines result from successive glaciations, so each frontier leaves its traces behind it, and when it becomes a settled area the region still partakes of the frontier characteristics. In his inauguration speech, he challenged his fellow Americans to "Ask not what your country can do for you — ask what you can do for your country." The Scotch Irish and the Palatine Germans, or “Pennsylvania Dutch,” furnished the dominant element in the stock of the colonial frontier. On the relation of frontier conditions to Revolutionary taxation, see Sumner, Alexander Hamilton, Ch. The peculiarity of American institutions is, the fact that they have been compelled to adapt themselves to the changes of an expanding people—to the changes involved in crossing a continent, in winning a wilderness, and in developing at each area of this progress out of the primitive economic and political conditions of the frontier into the complexity of city life. It takes him from the railroad car and puts him in the birch canoe. I say this with perfect knowledge, for it has been avowed to me by gentlemen from the West over and over again. I have refrained from dwelling on the lawless characteristics of the frontier, because they are sufficiently well known. Not statesmen but riflemen and riders made America. For years, Hough wrote the feature “Out-of-Doors” for the Saturday Evening Post and contributed to other major magazines. Political Science Quarterly, II, p. 457. As settlers confronted the interior of a vast continent full of exotic people, animals, and plants … We need to go back only to the time of Drake and the sea-dogs, the Elizabethan Age when all North America was a frontier, almost wholly unknown, compellingly alluring to all bold men. First, we note that the frontier promoted the formation of a composite nationality for the American people. Moving westward, the frontier became more and more American. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It begins with the Indian and the hunter; it goes on to tell of the disintegration of savagery by the entrance of the trader, the pathfinder of civilization; we read the annals of the pastoral stage in ranch life; the exploitation of the soil by the raising of unrotated crops of corn and wheat in sparsely settled farming communities; the intensive culture of the denser farm settlement; and finally the manufacturing organization with city and factory system. But with all these similarities there are essential differences, due to the place element and the time element. Though Webster could declare that there were no Alleghanies in his politics, yet in politics in general they were a very solid factor. And let me tell the gentleman from Albemarle (Mr. Gordon) that it has been another principal object of those who set this ball of revolution in motion, to overturn the doctrine of State rights, of which Virginia has been the very pillar, and to remove the barrier she has interposed to the interference of the Federal Government in that same work of internal improvement, by so reorganizing the legislature that Virginia, too, may be hitched to the Federal car. ), III, pp. We shall consider the whole frontier belt, including the Indian country and the outer margin of the “settled area” of the census reports. In a speech on the dedication of the Calhoun monument Mr. Lamar explained: “In 1789 the States were the creators of the Federal Government; in 1861 the Federal Government was the creator of a large majority of the States.”, When we consider the public domain from the point of view of the sale and disposal of the public lands we are again brought face to face with the frontier. Two years in the wilderness was more than enough for most of the expeditions members, but as they made their way home in 1806, Colter decided to shun civilization and strike out on a career as a fur trapper. This 1920 collection contains his celebrated 1893 essay, ‘The Significance of the Frontier in American History,’ as well as a number of other (somewhat related) essays. But never again will such gifts of free land offer themselves. Mr. Clay, by his tariff compromise with Mr. Calhoun, abandoned his own American system. In the South there was even a dependence on the Northern colonies for articles of food. They are regenerated, politically I mean, sir. 39. Each was won by a series of Indian wars. And so, by studying these people, we may even yet arrive at a just and comprehensive notion of what we might call the “feel” of the old frontier. 48. It was the second resort that opened on the Las Vegas Strip and operated continuously from October 30, 1942 until it closed on July 16, 2007. There we were a melting-pot for character, before we came to know that odious appellation which classifies us as the melting-pot of the nations. But the purchase of Louisiana was called out by frontier needs and demands. In the first half of the eighteenth century another advance occurred. [McCrady] Eminent and Representative Men of the Carolinas, I, p.43; Calhoun’s Works, I, pp. Monette, Mississippi Valley, I, p. 311. 16. 4. Steadily the trader passed westward, utilizing the older lines of French trade. Written in 1893, this enormously influential survey revised previous interpretations of U. S. history with its exploration of frontier life's impact on a transplanted civilization. iii, xxvi. The United States Army fought a series of Indian wars in Minnesota, Dakota, and the Indian Territory. They really were the possessors of a national vision. Cols., XI, p. 50; Hinsdale, Old Northwest, p. 121; Burke, “Oration on Conciliation,” Works (1872 ed. In these successive frontiers we find natural boundary lines which have served to mark and to affect the characteristics of the frontiers, namely: The “fall line;” the Alleghany Mountains; the Mississippi; the Missouri, where its direction approximates north and south; the line of the arid lands, approximately the ninety-ninth meridian; and the Rocky Mountains. "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" is a seminal essay by the American historian Frederick Jackson Turner which advanced the Frontier Thesis of American history. Thirty-year-old Richard Rosenthal was named president of the company in 1946, the youngest company president in the industry at that time. Before this process revealed its results the western portion of the South, which was akin to Pennsylvania in stock, society, and industry, showed tendencies to fall away from the faith of the fathers into internal improvement legislation and nationalism. Hudson's Bay Company, too, is a legitimate franchise. See the admirable monograph by Prof. H. B. Adams, Maryland’s Influence on the Land Cessions; and also President Welling, in Papers American Historical Association, III, p. 411. The term is an elastic one, and for our purposes does not need sharp definition. Findley, History of the Insurrection in the Four Western Counties of Pennsylvania in the Year 1,794 (Philadelphia, 1796), p. 35. It has frequently been asked how such a people could have developed that strained nervous energy now characteristic of them. But when American history comes to be rightly viewed it will be seen that the slavery question is an incident. Moving frontier line-and the impact it had on pioneers going through the process of cross-fertilization of ideas and.! State with varied agricultural interests frontier of the localities in which grave constitutional were! Author ’ s advance across the continent destiny is our destiny. ” [ 52 ] every land of all passion. 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